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Imre Lakatos (1922-1974) was one of the protagonists in shaping the "new philosophy of science". More than 25 years after his untimely death, it is time for a critical re-evaluation of his ideas. His main theme of locating rationality within the scientific process appears even more compelling today, after many historical case studies have revealed the cultural and societal elements within scientific practices. Recently there has been, above all, an increasing interest in Lakatos' philosophy of mathematics, which emphasises heuristics and mathematical practice over logical justification. But suitable modifications of his approach are called for in order to make it applicable to modern axiomatised theories. Pioneering historical research in England and Hungary has unearthed hitherto unknown facts about Lakatos' personal life, his wartime activities and his involvement in the political developments of post-war Europe. From a communist activist committed to Györgyi Lukács' thinking, Lakatos developed into a staunch anti-Marxist who found his intellectual background in Popper's critical rationalism. The volume also publishes for the first time a part of his Debrecen Ph.D. thesis and it is concluded by a bibliography of his Hungarian writings.

Knowledge, Theory of. --- Mathematics --- Science --- Philosophy. --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Logic of mathematics --- Mathematics, Logic of --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Lakatos, Imre. --- Psychology --- Philosophy and science. --- Epistemology. --- Modern philosophy. --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Political philosophy. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Modern Philosophy. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Political Philosophy. --- Political philosophy --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Modern philosophy --- Science and philosophy

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Social sciences (general) --- Discrete mathematics --- General embryology. Developmental biology --- Neuropathology --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- neurologie --- discrete wiskunde --- informatica --- sociale wetenschappen --- embryologie (geneeskunde) --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- robots

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This monograph, co-authored by three longtime collaborators, aims to promote the interdisciplinary field of mathematical biology by providing accessible new approaches to study natural systems. As there is currently scarce literature on the applications of mathematical modelling for biology research, this book presents a new way of studying interactions at the level of populations, societies, ecosystems, and biomes through open-sourced modeling platforms. It offers an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing natural phenomena—for example, by showing how master equations developed to describe electrical circuits can also describe biological systems mathematically. Ultimately it promotes a method of study based on modelling and mathematical principles, facilitating collaboration between mathematicians, biologists, engineers, and other researchers to enrich knowledge of the world’s ecosystems.

Mathematics --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- biomathematica --- wiskunde

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The two-volume set LNAI 5777 and LNAI 5778 constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 10th European Conference, ECAl 2009, held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 2009. The 141 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from161 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on evolutionary developmental biology and hardware, evolutionary robotics, protocells and prebiotic chemistry, systems biology, artificial chemistry and neuroscience, group selection, ecosystems and evolution, algorithms and evolutionary computation, philosophy and arts, optimization, action, and agent connectivity, and swarm intelligence.

Social sciences (general) --- Discrete mathematics --- General embryology. Developmental biology --- Neuropathology --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- neurologie --- discrete wiskunde --- informatica --- sociale wetenschappen --- embryologie (geneeskunde) --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- robots

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Digital Transformation and Global Society, DTGS 2016, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in June 2016. The 43 revised full papers and 15 revised short papers, presented together with 3 poster papers and an invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 157 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on eSociety: New Social Media Studies; eSociety: eGovernment and eParticipation: Perspectives on ICTs in Public Administration and Democracy; eKnowledge: ICTs in Learning and Education Management; eCity: ICTs for Better Urban (Rural) Planning and Living; eHealth: ICTs in Healthcare; eScience: Big Data Complex Calculations. .

Computer science. --- Health informatics. --- Computer organization. --- Education --- Computers and civilization. --- E-commerce. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Computers and Society. --- e-Commerce/e-business. --- Computers and Education. --- Health Informatics. --- Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks. --- Data processing. --- Cybercommerce --- E-business --- E-commerce --- E-tailing --- eBusiness --- eCommerce --- Electronic business --- Internet commerce --- Internet retailing --- Online commerce --- Web retailing --- Civilization and computers --- Computer uses in education --- Computers in education --- Educational computing --- Microcomputer uses in education --- Microcomputers in education --- Organization, Computer --- Clinical informatics --- Health informatics --- Medical information science --- Informatics --- Education. --- Medical records --- Computer network architectures. --- Science --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Computer architecture --- EHR systems --- EHR technology --- EHRs (Electronic health records) --- Electronic health records --- Electronic medical records --- EMR systems --- EMRs (Electronic medical records) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Medical care --- Digital media --- Electronic media --- New media (Digital media) --- Mass media --- Digital communications --- Online journalism --- Application software. --- Education—Data processing. --- Electronic digital computers --- Information science --- Medicine --- Commerce --- Information superhighway --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Data processing